Women in Fascist Italy from 1922 to 1945
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This 10 page report discusses the role of women in Fascist Italy in the decades prior to World War II. Women under Italian fascism had two major roles, loyalty to Benito Mussolini and loyalty to husband and family. Mussolini was committed to an ambitious modernization program: draining swamps, developing hydroelectricity and improving the railways. His ideas of modernization did not apply to the role of women in Italian society. Women, according to Mussolini, were baby producers and wives. The extreme nature of Fascism, as well as its clearly self-serving agenda created an environment in which the women of Italy were unlikely to have the opportunity for emancipation at any level. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWfacITA.rtf

Women's Roles in Fascist Italy and Germany
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A 20 page paper discussing how the regimes of Mussolini and Hitler affected the women of their nations. The women of Italy and Germany faced horrendous conditions in the years that their governments were comprised of fascist regimes. Fascism requires that women be submissive and obedient to men regardless of circumstance, that they have no other role than to be exemplary wives and mothers. While there is certainly nothing wrong with women aspiring to be superlative wives and mothers, the fascist regimes sought to restrict them from being able to do anything else. The effects can still be seen today. Bibliography lists 15 sources in 22 footnotes.
Filename: KSwomRole.wps

Fascism According to Eugene Weber
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A 5 page paper that simplistically discusses fascism as experienced in Germany and France, according to Eugene Weber in his book titled "Varieties of Fascism." In many ways both of the types of fascism were very similar in that they controlled the people to a degree where the country itself suffered great damage, as did the individual citizens who were of no great political influence as to benefit the leader in question. The main difference between the styles of fascism experienced by these countries was the concern involving racism as presented by Hitler in fascist Germany. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAweber.wps

Electoral Systems In France, Germany And Italy: Political Consequences
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7 pages in length. Fascism is rearing its ugly head once more in European politics as made quite evident in Germany, Italy and France's electoral system. Indeed, just when it appeared that such autocratic manipulation had all but ceased to exist, the rumblings of a resurgence could not be overlooked as self-proclaimed fascists began inhabiting political positions at a steadily increasing rate. The writer discusses how the political consequences this action has caused differ only in time period from past experiences of Fascism, making this revival an unwelcome and frightening concept to many. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCelect.wps

Individualism and Fascism
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This 5 page report discusses the continuities between democratic and "counter-democratic" political codes and points out the fact that it is useful to rely on a multi-faceted comparison of fascism, communism, and socialism with those of liberal-democratic civil society. It is also extremely valuable to explore their relationships and commonalities in an analytical and objective fashion rather than politically reflexive response. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWfascis.rtf

Patriotism and Early Italian Fascism
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In the minds of the masses the concepts of Fascism and Patriotism are dichotomized, even polarized, but without an understanding of the meaning of such strong emotional response. Many of those now living have very little personal memory, if any, of the period preceding World War II. What is known, what is felt, concerning that time is somehow connected to an overpowering sense of wrong. This 5 page paper argues that the concept of coerced loyalty and focused nationalism that was an integral component of the Fascist Regime is what sets it apart from and disallows the inclusion of patriotism as a factor. There was no sense of individuals joining for the altruistic reasoning that is central to patriotism. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KTfascim.wps

Patriotism Equals Fascism?
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5 pages in length. Is there any truth to the allegation that patriotism has become an offshoot of fascism? One can certainly argue that over the years, the direction of patriotism has taken on a decidedly fascist climate in that the promotion of patriotism and national greatness has reached such the pinnacle of existence, and the two concepts are slowly but surely incorporating within one another. Inasmuch as conservatives are toning down their anti-government rhetoric, there has been an even more significant move toward patriotism than ever before. However, associated with this rebirth in national allegiance is also an identifiable chauvinistic attitude that implies that no other country could possibly be as worthy of such devotion as one's own nation. The writer discusses how this blurred line between patriotism and fascism is one that has been brewing for some time as the resurgence of national support continues to rise. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCpatri.wps

The International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War
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This 10 page paper focuses on the international forces that helped to oppose the Spanish Fascists in the late 1930s. Stories, particularly of American volunteers, are told and problems they faced as a result of involvement are relayed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA22Spsh.wps

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