The Iroquois Fur Trade Wars
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(6 pp) "As to the natives of this country, I find them entirely savage and wild, strangers to all decency, yea, uncivil and stupid as garden poles, proficient in all wickedness and godlessness; devilish men, who serve nobody but the Devil …" Reverend Jonas Michaelius in 1628. This attitude, generally expressed by the colonists, allowed them to trade "trinkets" for furs. Various internal structures were already in place in the Iroquois Confederacy, which then dovetailed into the desire for European goods, and accelerated warfare among the woodland tribes. The fur trade was definitely a component in play, but not the actual cause of increased and deadly warfare, nor the accumulation of territory. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BBiroquo.doc

The Lenape Indians
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A 3 page report on the Lenni-Lenape Indians and their place in the Northeastern United State's colonial history. Issues concerning geography and territorial disputes are touched upon. No Bibliography.
Filename: Lenape.wps

The Price of Democracy in Colonial and Post-Colonial America
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This 5 page paper considers the gaining of independence of the United States from Britain from the perspective freedom and liberty, examining what these meant to the people of the time, and the cost that independence incurred. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEcolame.wps

The Scarlet A as in Letter.
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(8pp). We have been told that cultures with more complex ideas, more readily responded to the development of a written language. Not only was writing used for the keeping of records in these early societies, but it was also used for religious purposes and socio-economic functions. We might say where the Church and State were tied together, early alphabets and language forms also existed. I would say that the Puritans tied the Church and State tightly together, and felt mandated to do so, such actions are certainly shown in Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter.
Filename: BBscrlet.doc

The Shift From Republicanism To Liberalism
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7 pages in length. As one of the premier historians on American history, Eric Foner's perspective of the past leaves one with a more significant understanding of how this country ultimately addressed some of its most monumental political and social concerns. The author's cited passage (found within this paper) notes one particular change in American history that forever altered the manner by which government and citizens were to interact, with particular attention paid to the growing push towards liberalism. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCshift.wps

The Treatment of the Indians by the Spanish in the New World
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6 pages in length. Discusses the Spanish in the New World and how they considered the natives to be slave labor. The perception of the natives by the Spanish, including encomiendas. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAltnahwps

Thomas Jefferson and the Place he Holds in the E. Pluribus Una Tradition
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This 10-page-paper presents a discussion about the life and times of Thomas Jefferson. It includes a chronological timeline of his life and accomplishments as well as a discussion about his part in the E. Pluribus Unum factor. Bibliography lists three sources.
Filename: CWthojef.wps

William Cronon’s “Changes In The Land: Indians, Colonists, And The Ecology Of New England' And Carolyn Merchant’s 'Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, And Science In New England': Differing Perspective
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5 pages in length. William Cronon’s “Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England” and Carolyn Merchant’s “Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England” strive to address similar issues in mostly similar manners; however, one might readily argue that their individual styles of approach are based in part upon significantly different gender perspectives. Like Merchant, Cronon is careful to extend the same respect to both sides: Native Americans and European colonists. It is both authors’ intentions to portray this trying historical period in as neutral a light as possible as a means by which to allow the reader a truly spontaneous experience. In each book, the environment’s changing landscape is of utmost importance, inasmuch as the land’s use and abuse became a focal point during this hostile period. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCnweng.wps

Writing History: Smith And Mather
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In the early 1600's Captain John Smith was among the first to settle in the 'new world'. In 1616 he wrote A description Of New England. In 1702, Cotton Mather published his Magnalia Christi Americana, a collection of stories resembling parables that were meant to document "Christ's great deeds in America." This 5 page paper compares and contrasts the style of writing, the perspective and lifestyles of these two men. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KTsmtmat.wps

“Colonies in the USA”
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A five page paper which looks at the some of the early colonies in the USA, with regard to the social, cultural and economic differences between them and the diverse ways in which they developed as a result of these individual features. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: JLcolony.wps

“Ethnocentricity and Indigenous Nations”
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A seven page paper which looks at the way in which the ethnocentric perceptions of European colonisation mediated against the interests of indigenous native populations, and the effect which this has had up to the present day in terms of cultural assimilation and the marginalisation of native peoples. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JL2ethnocentricity.wps

“Robert E Lee: strengths and weaknesses”
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A twelve page paper which looks at Lee’s background and military career, and the way in which his strategies and tactics prolonged the Civil War whilst not allowing him to achieve a final victory over the Union forces despite his use of offensive tactics designed to compensate for the numerical and strategic advantages held by the opposing forces. Bibliography lists 13 sources
Filename: JLLee.wps

“Slavery in Georgia”
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A paper which looks at the various factors which combined to initiate the acceptance and legalisation of slavery in Georgia, which was the last colony to adopt the practice. The paper considers the economic, political and religious elements which gave rise to acceptance of slavery by Georgians, and the way in which the moral and ethical issues involved were manipulated in order to provide a validation of the practice. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLslaverygeorgia.wps

“The Battle of Saratoga”
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A twenty five page paper which looks at the strategies involved in the Battle of Saratoga of 1777, and the events which led up to this turning-point in the War of Independence. The paper considers such factors as the difficulties which the British commanders found in implementing their military tactics, the problems which arose as a result of poor communication in the field, the importance of intelligence and counter-intelligence in several of the American victories prior to Saratoga and the part that the murder of Jane McCrea played in motivating the colonists outside of the New England region into joining the conflict. Bibliography lists 9 sources
Filename: JLSaratoga.wps

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